Basic input-output in C plus plus

Basic input-output in C Plus Plus

Basic Input-Output C plus: C++ I/O operation is using the stream concept. Stream is the sequence of bytes or flow of data. It makes the performance fast. If bytes flow from main memory to a device like a printer, display screen, network connection, etc, this is called an output operation. 

If bytes flow from a device like a printer, display screen, network connections, etc to main memory, this is called an input operation.

InputStream: Input Stream the direction of flow of the bytes is from the device like the Keyboard to the main memory in this process is called input stream.

OutputStream: Output Stream the direction of flow of bytes is opposite, from main memory to device display screen then this process is called output stream.

C++ Input/Output Library Header Files

C++ common used header files are:

Header Files	Function and Description
<iostream>	It is used to define the cout, in, and color objects, which correspond to the standard output stream, standard input stream,   and standard error stream, respectively.
<iomanip>	It is used to declare services useful for performing formatted I/O, such as setprecision and setw.
<fstream>	It is used to declare services for user-controlled file processing.

Standard output stream in C++

Standard output stream (cout): The cout is a predefined object of the ostream class. It is connected with the standard output device, which is usually a display screen. The cout is used in conjunction with the stream insertion operator (<<) to display the output on a console.

Example of standard output stream (cout):

#include <iostream>  using namespace std;  int main( ) {     char ary[] = "Welcome to C++ Codeswithbaby";     cout << "Value of ary is: " << ary << endl;  }  *****OUTPUT***** Value of ary is: Welcome to C++ Codeswithbaby

Standard input stream in C++

Standard input stream (cin): The cin is a predefined object of the istream class. It is connected to the standard input device, which is usually a keyboard. The cin is used in conjunction with the stream extraction operator (>>) to read the input from a console.

Example of the standard input stream (cin):

#include <iostream>  using namespace std;  int main( ) {    int age;     cout << "Enter your age: ";     cin >> age;     cout << "Your age is: " << age << endl;  }  *****OUTPUT***** Enter your age: 22 Your age is: 22

 

Standard end line in C++

Standard end line (endl): The endl is a predefined object of the ostream class. It is used to insert a new line of characters and flushes the stream.

Example of standard end line (endl):

#include <iostream>  using namespace std;  int main( ) {  cout << "Welcome To";     cout << " Codeswithbaby"<<endl;   cout << "End of line"<<endl;   }   *****OUTPUT***** Welcome To Codeswithbaby End of line

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